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North Carolina Introduction to Computer Science

Description

In this lesson, students explore the impacts of being online. Students reflect on social media use and their digital footprint as well as learn how to identify and respond to cyberbullying.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Analyze the impact of social media and technology use on the lives of teenagers
  • Explain how one’s digital footprint can impact their future employment options
  • Analyze their own digital footprint and explain how they can maintain a positive digital footprint
  • Define cyberbullying
  • Explain how to respond to cyberbullying
  • (Optional) Choose the best privacy settings to protect their digital footprint and prevent cyberbullying
Description

In this lesson, students explore the complex world of data collection. Students learn about the types of data that companies collect and what they do with it. Students also consider the ethics of data collection by working through a scenario about location tracking in school. Lastly, students learn about privacy within the context of law.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain why companies collect data and what they do with it
  • Analyze the benefits and consequences of data collection that may or may not be evidence to users
  • Consider the ethics of data collection with relation to privacy concerns
  • Define personally identifiable information
  • Explain personal data collection in the context of the law (GDPR, CCPA, and privacy policies)
Description

In this lesson, students will learn about and discuss information literacy. Information literacy is having the ability to find information, evaluate information credibility, and use information effectively.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Evaluate the accuracy, relevance, comprehensiveness, appropriateness, and bias of electronic information resources
  • Reflect on the growth of artificial intelligence in terms of trustworthy content
  • Explore and use search engine keywords and special characters to refine search results
Description

By the end of this lesson, students should have a better understanding of cyberethics, responsible internet use, and the impact of copyright and licenses on the digital world. They should also be more aware of the potential consequences of unethical online behavior.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Identify the difference between ethical hacking and malicious hacking
  • Discuss the principles of cyber ethics, focusing on responsible online behavior.
  • Discuss potential legal consequences of unethical online behavior
  • Debate intellectual laws and the beneficial and harmful effects that these laws have on innovation
Description

In this lesson, students learn about the importance of personal data security and explore different forms of authentication and browser security settings. Students then consider the tradeoffs between ease of use and security when implementing different authentication methods.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain password best practices
  • Define authentication terms: passphrase, multifactor authentication, 2FA, biometric authentication, password managers
  • Evaluate different forms of authentication
  • Explain how to use privacy settings on their browser to enhance security
  • Consider the tradeoffs between usability and security measures
Description

In this lesson, students are introduced to the core concepts of cybersecurity, focusing on the importance of protecting information and devices in the digital world. Students will explore key vocabulary terms, security frameworks, and the potential risks associated with the Internet of Things (IoT).

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Define basic cybersecurity terminology
  • Explain the importance of information security and the CIA Triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability)
  • Analyze how the AAA Security Framework (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) helps protect online information
  • Identify potential security risks associated with the Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
Description

In this lesson, students will learn how to navigate the digital world safely by understanding common cyber threats and implementing protective measures. Through interactive activities and creative storytelling, students will explore various cyberattacks, their consequences, and strategies for defense. This awareness will empower them to make responsible choices online and protect themselves from cybercrime.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Identify and define different types of cyberattacks (malware, viruses, ransomware, spyware, phishing)
  • Explain the importance of preventative measures like antivirus software, updates, HTTPS, and firewalls
  • Analyze real-world examples of phishing attacks and develop strategies for identifying suspicious online activities
Description

In this lesson, students complete a summative assessment of the module’s learning objectives.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Prove their knowledge of basic cybersecurity concepts and its impacts through a multiple choice quiz
Description

In this lesson, students will explore how computers use the binary number system to store and communicate information. Through hands-on activities, they will learn how sequences of 0s and 1s represent data in a computer, understanding the fundamental concept of binary code. This foundational knowledge will enable students to grasp how computers interpret complex information and the importance of secure data encoding in cybersecurity.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the significance of binary in computer communication
  • Encode and decode messages using binary representation
  • Understand the role of transistors in storing and processing binary information
Description

In this lesson, students will learn how to convert between binary and decimal numbers, understand binary place values, and apply these concepts to encode and decode messages using ASCII.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain how text can be represented using a sequence of 0s and 1s (binary code)
  • Convert between binary and decimal numbers
  • Identify binary place values
  • Encode and decode messages using ASCII
  • Apply binary concepts to real-world scenarios
Description

In this lesson, students will learn how computers break down images into concrete values that can be stored. Students will learn how images are represented digitally using pixels.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Understand how images can be encoded as data
  • Create pixel images in color and black and white
  • Identify bit storage units by name and size
Description

In this lesson, students will explore the fundamental concepts of the internet, including its infrastructure and operation. Through videos, readings, and interactive activities, students will gain an understanding of wired and wireless networks, the role of submarine cables, and the foundational ideas behind the internet. The lesson culminates in a reflection activity where students articulate their understanding of the internet.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Define what the internet is and explain its significance
  • Differentiate between wired and wireless networks
  • Understand the role of submarine cables in global connectivity
  • Reflect on the foundational concepts of the internet as described by Vint Cerf
  • Articulate their understanding of the internet through open-ended responses
Description

In this lesson, students will explore how internet hardware communicates using Internet Addresses and the Internet Protocol. They will also gain insight into IP addresses, including their function, how to read them, and their role in network communication.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Evaluate protocol effectiveness
  • Demonstrate an understanding of IP addresses
  • Identify IP addresses of devices in a simulated environment
  • Discuss privacy concerns related to IP addresses
Description

In this lesson, students explore how messages get from one address on the internet to another. Students explore the format for creating and reading packets, as defined by open protocols.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain how computers communicate using routers, and explain what considerations are made when choosing a route
  • Map messages across several routers of different statuses
  • Analyze the transmission of data between IP addresses using packets
  • Determine if TCP or UDP protocols are more appropriate for transferring several types of data
Description

In this lesson, students complete a summative assessment of the module’s learning objectives.

Description

In this lesson, students are introduced to the concept of data and its applications. Students will learn about different types of data, how data is collected and used in technology, and the importance of data privacy.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Differentiate between data, information, and knowledge
  • Evaluate the benefits and risks of sharing personal information online
  • Reflect on how data can be used to improve personal understanding and decision-making
Description

In this lesson, students will explore the different types and states of data and its value as a resource. Students will develop a critical understanding of data’s role in society and its ethical implications.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Differentiate between data, information, and knowledge
  • Explain the different states of data (in use, in transit, at rest) and provide examples of each
  • Analyze the role of data centers in modern society
Description

In this lesson, students are introduced to database management systems and the fundamentals of SQL. They will learn how to create tables, insert data, and retrieve information using basic SQL queries.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Identify and explain the major uses of a database management system
  • Define the different parts of a database (table, column, row)
  • Create new tables and entries using SQL code
  • Construct basic SQL queries using SELECT and WHERE keywords.
Description

In this lesson, students are introduced to the basic operations and features of spreadsheets. Through a hands-on activity, students will explore how to use spreadsheets to organize and analyze data. They will learn about concepts such as rows, columns, cells, ranges, operations, and functions.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Define key spreadsheet terms such as rows, columns, cells, ranges, operations, and functions
  • Use common spreadsheet functions such as SUM and AVERAGE
Description

In this lesson, students will learn how to sort and filter a spreadsheet.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Sort a spreadsheet by a column from least to greatest or greatest to least
  • Filter a spreadsheet based on a selected condition
  • Understand when and how to use a filter or sort their data in order to help them with data analysis
Description

In this lesson, students learn how to apply statistical measures (mean, median, and mode) to a dataset in order to gain insights.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Use the AVERAGE() formula in Google Sheets to find the average of a range of values
  • Use the MEDIAN() formula to find the median value in a range of values
  • Use the MODE() formula to find the mode of a range of values
  • Describe what each of the statistical measures above says about the data
Description

In this lesson, students will learn how to create visualizations based on Google Sheets data.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Identify the best chart to use for different types of information
  • Use a spreadsheet to create data visualizations
Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Describe the purpose and use of models
Description

In this lesson, students will define a question they will explore throughout this module.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • brainstorm a question they are passionate about
  • make a hypothesis
Description

In this lesson, students will work on collecting and analyzing data. They will also create a visualization using a spreadsheet program or a data visualization platform of their choice.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • collect data using an existing data set, research, or surveys
  • analyze data to turn the values into meaningful conclusions
  • create a visualization that will aid in telling their data story
Description

In this lesson, students will learn how to use their data to support and add to a story. The data story will combine visuals with a compelling narrative to help audiences understand the importance of the data being explained.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Create a visually appealing infographic that displays important data visualizations
  • Critically examine and reflect on various data visualizations and infographics
  • Choose an appropriate data narrative for their own data story
Description

In this lesson, students complete a summative assessment of the module’s learning objectives.

Description

In this lesson, students will learn about the history of computers and how people have interacted with them over the decades.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Describe the evolution of computers and how people have interacted with them.
  • Analyze the impact of computers on everyday life.
Description

In this lesson, students learn about different types of software, including operating systems and applications. They will also explore the process used to create an application.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the differences between operating systems and applications.
  • Describe the development process for creating an application.
Description

In this lesson, students will learn about the basic functions and types of operating systems. Students will also explore the process for upgrading and updating operating systems.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the purpose of operating systems
  • Identify the main types of operating systems
  • Analyze the upgrade and installation process for operating systems
Description

In this lesson, students will learn about different computer components and how they impact a computer system. They will then apply this to troubleshooting common computer issues.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Identify the different hardware components of a computer system and explain their function.
  • Analyze and troubleshoot common computer issues.
Description

In this lesson, students will learn what cloud computing is and compare and contrast it to physical computing.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the concept of cloud computing and its benefits.
  • Compare and contrast cloud computing with physical computing.
Description

In this lesson, students will learn about ethical and legal considerations in computing and how these can create bias.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain how bias can be prevented or minimized in computing.
  • Identify ethical and legal considerations when using computing technologies.
Description

In this lesson, students will learn about where computing is going (including the impact of AI) and the roles that they can play in that future.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Understand the current and future trends in the computer industry.
  • Examine the various roles and opportunities that students will have in the computing industry
Description

In this lesson, students will design a computer to meet the needs of the future and also review others’ designs to assess how well they will meet these future needs.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Identify and evaluate the components that are necessary for a computer to meet the needs of the future
  • Design and create a computer that meets the needs of the future
  • Critique and evaluate other designs of computers to assess how well they will meet the needs of the future.
Description

In this lesson, students will demonstrate what they learned in the unit be completing a summative exam.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Prove their knowledge of Computers, past, present, and future, through a multiple-choice quiz
Description

In this lesson, students are introduced to CodeHS and how Karel the Dog can be given a set of instructions to perform a simple task.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Write their first Karel program by typing out all of the Karel commands with proper syntax

  • Explain how giving commands to a computer is like giving commands to a dog

Description

In this lesson, students learn more about Karel and Karel’s world. Students learn about walls in Karel’s world, the directions Karel can face, and how to identify a location in Karel’s world using rows and columns. In these exercises, students will begin to see the limitations of Karel’s commands. Students will need to apply Karel’s limited set of commands to new situations. For example, how can they make Karel turn right, even though Karel does not know a turnRight command?

Objective

Students will be able to…

  • Identify the direction that Karel is facing
  • Predict what direction Karel will be facing after executing a series of commands
  • Identify a location in Karel’s world using Row, Column terminology
Description

In this lesson, students will learn how they can create their own commands for Karel by calling and defining functions. Functions allow programmers to create and reuse new commands that make code more readable and scalable.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Define a function, and successfully implement functions in their code.
  • Teach Karel a new command by creating a turnRight() function
Description

In this lesson, students learn in more detail about functions, and how they can use functions to break down their programs into smaller pieces and make them easier to understand.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Create functions to teach Karel new commands
  • Explain the difference between defining and calling a function
  • Utilize these functions to write higher level Karel programs that go beyond the basic toolbox of commands that Karel starts with
Description

In this lesson, students will deepen their understanding of functions by learning about the main function. The main function helps to organize the readability of code by creating a designated place where code that is going to be run in a program can be stored:

function main(){
   turnRight();
}

function turnRight(){
   turnLeft();
   turnLeft();
   turnLeft();
}

main();
Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the functionality of the main function
  • Use the main function appropriately in their programs
  • Improve the readability of their code
Description

In this lesson, students learn about Top Down Design and Decomposition. Top Down Design is the process of breaking down a big problem into smaller parts.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Break a large problem down into smaller, simpler problems
  • Write methods that solve the simpler problems, and use them as building blocks to solve the larger problem
  • Compare programs and identify good vs poor decomposition
Description

In this lesson, students learn how to style their programs by including comments. Comments allow students to leave notes on their program that makes it easier for other to read. Comments are written in plain English.

Commenting Your Code Example:

/*
 *  multi-line  comments
 */

// single line comments
Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the preconditions and postconditions of a function
  • Create clear and readable comments in their code that help the reader understand the code
  • Explain the purpose of comments
Description

In this lesson, students are introduced to Super Karel! Since commands like turnRight() and turnAround() are so commonly used, students shouldn’t have to define them in every single program. This is where SuperKarel comes in. SuperKarel is just like Karel, except SuperKarel already knows how to turnRight and turnAround, so students don’t have to define those functions anymore!

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Write programs that use SuperKarel instead of Karel
  • Utilize the new toolbox of commands that SuperKarel provides over Karel
  • Read documentation to understand how to use a library (SuperKarel is an example of this)
Description

In this lesson, students learn how to use for loops in their programs. The for loop allows students to repeat a specific part of code a fixed number of times.

For loops are written like this:

for(let i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
    // Code to be repeated 4 times
}
Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Create for loops to repeat code a fixed number of times
  • Explain when a for loop should be a used
  • Utilize for loops to write programs that would be difficult / impossible without loops
Description

In this lesson, students learn about the conditional statement “if”. Code within an “if statement” will only execute IF the condition is true.

if (frontIsClear()) {
    // Code to be executed only if front is clear
}
Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Use conditions to gather information about Karel’s world (is the front clear, is Karel facing north, etc)
  • Create if statements that only execute code if a certain condition is true
Description

In this lesson, students learn about an additional control structure, if/else statements. If/else statements let students do one thing if a condition is true, and something else otherwise.

if/else statements are written like this:

if (frontIsClear()) {
      // code to execute if front is clear
 } else {
      // code to execute otherwise
}
Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the purpose of an If/Else statement
  • Create If/Else statements to solve new types of problems
  • Identify when it is appropriate to use an If/Else statement
Description

In this lesson, students are introduced a new type of loop: while loops. While loops allow Karel to repeat code while a certain condition is true. While loops allow students to create general solutions to problems that will work on multiple Karel worlds, rather than just one.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the purpose of a while loop
  • Create while loops to repeat code while a condition is true
  • Utilize while loops to solve new types of problems
  • Test their solutions on different Karel worlds
Description

In this lesson, students review how they should indent their code to make it easier to read.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain why it is important to indent code
  • Identify proper indentation
  • Modify a program to have proper indentation
  • Write programs with proper indentation
Description

In this lesson, students learn how to combine and incorporate the different control structures they’ve learned to create more complex programs.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Identify the different control structures we can use to modify the flow of control through a program
  • Combine control structures to solve complicated problems
  • Choose the proper control structure for a given problem
Description

In this lesson, students are introduced to algorithms which are step by step instructions that solve a problem. Programs implement algorithms. All algorithms are built using sequencing, selection, and iteration. Karel has control structures for each of these. This lesson is designed to test students’ knowledge of control structures and algorithm design in preparation for upcoming Karel challenges.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Analyze an algorithm and explain why it works
  • Use control structures to create general algorithms that work on all Karel worlds
Description

In this lesson, students get extra practice with control structures. Students will continue to see different ways that the if, if/else, while, and for loops affect their code and what Karel can do.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Debug common errors in code
  • Use control structures to create general solutions that work on all Karel worlds
Description

In this lesson, students review content with a 25 question Unit Quiz.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Prove their knowledge of basic coding concepts with Karel through a multiple choice quiz
Description

In this lesson, students will synthesize all of the skills and concepts learned in the Karel unit to solve increasingly challenging Karel puzzles.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Define a problem in their own words and plan out a solution to the problem
  • Break a large problem down into smaller pieces and solve each of the pieces, then use these solutions as building blocks to solve the larger problem
  • Utilize the proper control structures to create general solutions that solve multiple Karel worlds
  • Write clear and readable code using control structures, functions, decomposition, and comments
Description

In this lesson, students will learn how to print messages out onto the console using the Javascript command console.log().

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Write a JavaScript program by typing commands with proper syntax in the main function
  • Write a program that prints out a message to the user
Description

In this lesson, students learn how to assign values to variables, manipulate those variable values, and use them in program statements. This is the introductory lesson into how data can be stored in variables.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain what variables are and what they are used for
  • Create their own variables
  • Print out the values stored in variables
Description

In this lesson, students learn how they can allow users to input information into their programs, and use that input accordingly.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Create programs that ask the user for input
  • Store user input in variables and print it back to the user
  • Choose the proper input function to use depending on the type of information needed
Description

In this lesson, students learn about the different mathematical operators they can use to perform mathematical computations and create useful programs that compute information for the user.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Describe the different mathematical operators we can use in programs
  • Create programs that use basic math to compute useful things
  • Create programs that take in user input, do simple computations with the input, and produce useful output
Description

In this lesson, students will learn what pair programming is, why it is used, and the appropriate behaviors of a driver and navigator.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Effectively communicate their ideas to a partner
  • Successfully complete a coding exercise using pair programming
  • Identify the pros and cons of pair programming
Description

In this lesson, students will learn how randomization can enhance a program.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain why random numbers are a useful part of computer programs.
  • Create random values in a program.
  • Utilize the DOCS for the Randomizer class in order to learn how to generate random values.
Description

In this lesson, students will learn how to create basic functions using JavaScript and use them to improve the organization, readability, and flow of their programs.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Define JavaScript functions
  • Call JavaScript functions within the main function
  • Use functions in order to manage the flow of their programs
  • Increase the readability and organization of their code using functions
Description

In this lesson, students review content with a 15-question Unit Quiz.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Prove their knowledge of basic coding concepts through a multiple choice quiz
Description

In this lesson, students will learn about the graphics canvas and its coordinate system. Students will explore how to create and position shapes anywhere on the canvas. Graphic creation relies on setting the type of shape, size, position, and color on the artist’s canvas before adding it to the screen.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Understand the coordinate system of the canvas
  • Create basic shapes like circles and rectangles
  • Position shapes in specific locations on the canvas
  • Learn how to add color to shapes
  • Understand how the debug mode functions and how to turn it on or off
Description

In this lesson, students will get more practice with graphics objects. They will also learn how to find images on the internet and use them in their projects. Web images can be loaded into a graphics project using the WebImage class and passing a web image address to it and they can be resized using the setSize method. Apart from loading images and resizing them, students will also learn how to add text objects to their canvas.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Add images to their graphics projects using WebImage
  • Resize image objects using setSize
  • Display text on the canvas
  • Break their code into functions based on objects to be rendered
Description

In this lesson, students will further explore the positioning of their graphics and the importance of the order in which functions are called.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Strategically position shapes anywhere on the canvas
  • Break their graphics projects into manageable functions
  • Order their function calls in the main function correctly
Description

In this lesson, students will learn more about boolean values. Booleans refer to a value that is either true or false, and are used to test whether a specific condition is true or false.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Create boolean variables to represent meaningful yes/no values
  • Print out the value of a boolean variable
Description

In this lesson, students learn about if statements as a way to make decisions and execute specific code depending on the validity of a condition.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the purpose of if statements
  • Create their own if statements to selective choose which code is executed in their programs
Description

In this lesson, students will learn about logical operators. Logical operators allow students to connect or modify Boolean expressions. Three logical operators are the !, ||, && characters.

  • ! = NOT
  • || = OR
  • && = AND
Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Describe the meaning and usage of each logical operator: OR (||), AND (&&), and NOT (!)
  • Construct logical statements using boolean variables and logical operators
Description

In this lesson, students learn how to use comparison operators. Comparison operators let students compare two values.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the meaning of each of the comparison operators (<, <=, >, >=, ==, !=)
  • Create programs using the comparison operators to compare values
  • Predict the boolean result of comparing two values
  • Print out the boolean result of comparing values
Description

In this lesson, students will apply their understanding of if/else statements to graphics programs. Students will also learn how to use else if statements to check for multiple conditions.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Write graphics programs with conditionals
  • Use else if statements to check for multiple conditions
Description

In this lesson, students will explore while loops and JavaScript variables. This combines the ideas of creating variables, updating variables throughout a loop, and determining the correct ending condition.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the purpose of a while loop
  • Create while loops to repeat code while a condition is true
  • Utilize while loops to solve new types of problems
Description

In this lesson, students will learn how to create a Loop and Half. A Loop and a Half is a specific way to write a while loop with the condition being true. Inside the loop, students use a break statement to break out of the loop whenever that condition is met, causing the loop to end.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain how the loop-and-a-half structure is different from a traditional while loop
  • Explain what an infinite loop is
  • Explain what the break statement does
Description

In this lesson, students will apply their understanding of while loops to graphics programs.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Write graphics programs that use while loops
  • Use variables to update the position and size of graphics objects within a while loop
Description

In this lesson, students will learn in greater detail about for loops. For loops in Javascript are written and executed in the same manner as Karel exercises, except now students will explore modifying the initialization statement, test statement, and increment statements of the loops.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Create for loops in JavaScript
  • Explain the purpose of for loops
  • Utilize for loops to avoid typing out repeated code
  • Use the loop counter i inside the for loop code to do something different on each iteration
Description

In this lesson, students will apply what they have learned about for loops to graphics programs.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Create graphics programs with for loops
  • Use i to position graphics objects and change the size of graphics objects
  • Compare and contrast while loops and for loops
Description

In this lesson, students review content with a 15 question Unit Quiz.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Prove their knowledge of control structures through a multiple choice quiz
Description

In this unit, students will synthesize all of the skills and concepts learned in the Control Structures unit to solve increasingly challenging puzzles.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Define a problem in their own words and plan out a solution to the problem
  • Break a large problem down into smaller pieces and solve each of the pieces, then use these solutions as building blocks to solve the larger problem
  • Utilize the proper control structures to create general solutions
  • Write clear and readable code using control structures, decomposition, and comments
Description

In this lesson, students will expand their use of functions by learning about and implementing parameters.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the use of parameters and arguments
  • Create functions that take in parameters as input
  • Use parameters to generalize functions and reduce repeated code
Description

In this lesson, students learn about return statements and how to use them to send information between functions.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the purpose of returning a value from a function.
  • Create functions that return values.
  • Create programs that call functions with return values and store the result for later use.
Description

In this lesson, students learn how to set default values for their function’s parameters.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Understand the role default values can have in a function.
  • Set default values for their parameters.
  • Properly set the order of parameters and the default values.
Description

In this lesson, students will explore the scoping of a variable, which is where the variable is “defined” or where it exists.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Identify the scope of a variable
  • Identify which variables are in scope at a given point in a program
Description

In this lesson, students review content with a 15 question Unit Quiz.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Prove their knowledge of functions and parameters through a multiple choice quiz
Description

In this lesson, students will synthesize all of the skills and concepts learned in the Functions module to solve increasingly challenging puzzles.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Synthesize the skills and concepts from the The Canvas and Graphics, Control Structures, and the Functions modules to solve increasingly difficult programming challenges
  • Break down a large problem into smaller parts using Top Down Design, and solve each of these smaller parts using functions
  • Create helpful comments with preconditions and postconditions to help the reader understand the code
  • Find and fix bugs in large programs
Description

In this lesson, students will explore the concept of intelligence, engaging with various resources to make their own determination on the level of intelligence of AI models.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Define intelligence as it will be used in this course
  • Describe the Turing Test, its uses, and where it falls short
  • Engage with various resources to gauge the intelligence level of AI tools
Description

In this lesson, students will explore the difference between generative and predictive AI by engaging with different AI tools and reflecting on the output they provide.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Describe the difference between generative and predictive AI tools
  • Explain the boundaries of generative and predictive AI tools
Description

In this lesson, students learn about the underlying technology that generative AI applications use - Large Language Models.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Describe what Large Language Models and Multimidal Models are at a high level
  • Students will be able to prompt quality outputs from LLMs
  • Students will be able to use LLMs to produce code
Description

In this lesson, students will learn about prompting techniques that can help maximize the quality of outputs by AI.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Describe what prompt engineering is and common techniques
  • Apply common prompt engineering techniques to produce better outputs
Description

In this lesson, students will explore the leadership of AI companies, examine the consequences of exposing biases in AI, and engage in reflective discussions.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the diversity issues that surround the AI industry
  • Explain how the data used to train models is labeled
  • Engage in meaningful discourse about the state of AI and who is allowed to work on the technology
Description

In this lesson, students explore machine learning and visualize how neural networks work.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Define machine learning, neural networks, and convolutional neural networks
  • Understand the process of a convolutional neural network and its inner workings
Description

In this lesson, students will explore and engage with the supervised learning method through the use of Google’s Teachable Machine.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • explain how supervised learning is used to train an AI model
  • explain the benefits of using a supervised learning method
Description

In this lesson, students will explore and engage with the unsupervised learning method of machine learning. They will get a chance to act as a computer and will explore 3 different Google Experiments to explore how unsupervised learning can be used to categorize large amounts of data.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • explain how unsupervised learning is used to train an AI model
  • explain the benefits of using an unsupervised learning method
Description

In this lesson, students will learn about the reinforcement learning method of machine learning through both on an offline activities.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • explain how reinforcement learning is used to train an AI model
  • explain the benefits of using a reinforcement learning method
Description

In this lesson, students will engage with the actual training of AI models. They will use Teachable Machine to create a model that will then be used inside a program in the CodeHS editor.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain how AI models are created from training data
  • Use Teachable Machine to train a model that will be used in an HTML program
Description

In this lesson, students will explore the use cases for AI in various industries by using image and audio data sets to create Teachable Machine models.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explore the use cases of AI in industries such as healthcare, fashion, animal sciences, sales, and music
  • Use Teachable Machine to engage with data in various ways
Description

In this lesson, students will explore how biased training data can affect an AI model’s output.

Objective

Students will be able to:

  • Explain the concept of biased training data
  • Describe how the use of biased training data can affect an AI model